Which health initiative was launched by the Health Committee of the League?

The initiative launched by the Health Committee of the League of Nations that specifically targeted malaria-carrying mosquitoes is significant due to the widespread impact of malaria on public health, particularly in many regions where the disease was endemic. This effort was part of the League’s broader mission to improve global health and combat preventable diseases. By focusing on malaria, the Health Committee aimed not only to reduce the incidence of the disease but also to address the underlying environmental conditions that allowed mosquito populations to thrive, facilitating the spread of malaria. This involved public health education, distribution of insecticides, and drainage of stagnant water to lower mosquito breeding sites.

The other initiatives mentioned, while relevant to public health, do not represent specific campaigns launched by the League's Health Committee. For instance, the campaign to eliminate diseases through vaccination pertains more to later global health efforts, while the global effort to eradicate polio emerged after the League's time. Furthermore, mental health awareness programs, while increasingly important today, were not a focus of the League's Health Committee during its operational years in the early 20th century.